Appearance of Pre-Hispanic Filipinos

Apparel The locals of the Philippine islands previously wore various sorts of attire and adornments before the appearance of Spanish colonizers. The men for the most part wore short-sleeved, collarless coats that arrived at just underneath the waste. The coats were additionally images of their status in the network. The boss as a rule sported red, for instance. The bahag was worn for the lower part. It is a piece of material folded over the midsection which goes between the things, leaving the thighs and legs uncovered. A head gear or a putong is a bit of material folded over the head.This is likewise significant like the shade of the coat. A red putong implied that the wearer has just done battle and murdered a foe. A weaved putong implied that the wearer has murdered in any event seven foes. Enhancements, for example, accessories, armlets or kalombiga, anklets, studs and rings were likewise worn. These were typically made of gold and different valuable stones. Ladies likewise wore sleeved coats called baro and skirts called saya or patadyong. Ladies liked wearing adornments too, for example, jewel studded arm bands, accessories, hoops, and rings.Tattoos Tattoos had a significant influence in the presence of pre-Hispanic Filipinos both for the people. Tattoos were viewed as what might be compared to awards, one needed to work for and win it. The more tattoos an individual had, the more noteworthy was their war record. The Visayas was known to be the Islas del Pintados or Islands of the Painted People since it was the there that the early Spanish colonizers watched very inked individuals and Spanish essayists alluded to them as the pintados, which means â€Å"painted†.

The Social Security System today is one that Beveridge would Essay

The Social Security System today is one that Beveridge would perceive. Examine - Essay Example Present day government disability framework is the Great Britain contrasts from its projects and executions proposed during 1930s-1940s (Alcock and Craig, 2001). William Beveridge, a financial analyst and social reformer, was one of those government officials who proposed a far reaching social framework expected to help British populace and improve states of life for many individuals. It is conceivable to state that Beveridge would resognise present day government managed savings framework since it meets the primary standards and qualities proposed by Beveridge 70 years prior. Pundits (Alcock and Craig, 2001) concede that the cutting edge advantage framework is as yet dependent on the Beveridge Report of 1942 (Siegfried 1963). Beveridge's model for another arrangement of standardized savings conceived a focal job for widespread and far reaching social protection, expanding on the national protection conspire set up by the 1911 Liberal Government (Aaron 1982). His goal was that the new arrangement of protection advantages would ensure a resource level of pay to cover the significant reasons for money misfortune, through joblessness, ailment, and mature age, while people would be urged to give a better quality of living for their families by deliberate investment funds (Morgan, 1994). Beveridge trusted that such a plan would fulfill the necessities of a large portion of the populace, however acknowledged that a security net of remaining help would need to be accessible for the individuals who neglected to qualify under the contributory plan (Alcock and Craig , 2001). As per the Beveridge Plan, such a standardized savings framework couldn't be actualized in separation; the legislature likewise must be focused on presenting family stipends and a national wellbeing administration, and to keeping up full business. Along these lines, Beveridge, as resulting strategy creators, perceived the interrelationship between standardized savings and different zones of government arrangement. Today, to advance security, and especially monetary security, the Great Britain built up an assortment of government managed savings programs. Some have appeared as social protection whereby commitments are made to a store by laborers, businesses, independently employed people, and governments, and installments are made to people whose pay has halted for such reasons as mature age, incapacity, joblessness, or demise of the worker (Siegfried 1963). Different projects have appeared as social help whereby people in need get open alleviation or annuities by excellence old enough or for different reasons (Morgan, 1994). Still other social help programs have appeared as social advantages whereby all people meeting certain capabilities, for example, achievement of a recommended age and having a specific time of citizenship or habitation get benefits, regardless of any past commitments or expenses paid or exhibition of individual need (Alcock and Craig, 2001). Rather than past models and projects proposed by the administration, present day government managed savings meets the fundamental standards and theory of Beveridge. As the most significant, current security framework covers older individuals as well as jobless, poor, mature age, incapacitated and different classes. Every one of the Government spends more than 1 billion on benefits and their organization (McKay and Rowlingson, 1999). Today government managed savings benefits in Britain, as in most other created nations, fall

Arctic Power Case Study Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Ice Power Case Study CURRENT SITUATION It is the mid year of 1987. Cold Power clothing cleanser has contracted with the counseling firm of Smith and Jones, LTD to help Arctic Power in deciding their key heading and their item situating. Foundation AND HISTORY Ice Power, a clothing cleanser extraordinarily defined to clean in chilly water, is a piece of Colgate-Palmolive Canada group of items. Colgate-Palmolive Canada is a completely claimed auxiliary of the worldwide enterprise Colgate Palmolive. In 1986 Colgate-Palmolive had overall deals of $4.9 billion with benefits of $178 million, with Colgate-Palmolive Canada having deals of $250 million. Colgate-Palmolive Canada (CPC) has a wide assortment of family unit and individual consideration items. Among the most mainstream CPC brands are ABC, Arctic Power, and Fab clothing cleansers, Palmolive dish cleanser, Ajax and Irish Spring body cleansers, Ultra Brite and Colgate toothpaste, and Baggies stockpiling packs. Colgate-Palmolive Canada utilizes an item the executives framework where item administrators are alloted explicit obligation regarding a particular brand, for example, Arctic Power. Their general objectives are to build deals and benefit of their brands. The venture administrator is answerable for all the showcasing capacities, including arranging, publicizing, selling, advancement, and statistical surveying. An associate item administrator is appointed to work with the item chief. Before the late 1970’s Colgate-Palmolive Canada bolstered their brands on a national premise, at that point changed technique as CPC acknowledged they were extending their assets excessively far. During the late 1970’s through the mid 1980’s, CPC moved to a territorial methodology. While Arctic Power was as yet appropriated broadly, before the finish of 1981, a lot of the Canadian national market was 4% (comprising of a 11% offer in Quebec, 5% in the Maritimes, and 2% somewhere else in Canada). Subsequently, Arctic Power was vigorously showcased in Quebec and the Maritimes, with advancement support being pulled back from the remainder of Canada. This local methodology was effective as Arctic Power’s portion of the general Canadian market expanded to 6.4% in 1985, catching 18% of Quebec, 6% of the Maritime markets while dropping to under 2% somewhere else in Canada. 1986-87: THE WESTERN CAMPAIGN With the achievement Arctic Power had in their territorial methodology, Arctic Power propelled a campai... ...tegies. Spending plan In spite of confronting ferocious rivalry that has seen the expense of products sold ascent 15% during the previous three years and costs rise just 5%, Arctic Power ought to have the option to keep on having a 18% commitment edge for its business dollars. Our essential spending technique is lessen expenses and advancement costs, while expanding the utilization of less expensive TV and radio promoting. This would permit Arctic Power to build brand mindfulness just as advance the advantages of cold water washing. Cold Power will likewise look to new cost sparing innovations and different measures to guarantee gainfulness as time goes on. 14 YEARS LATER: THE CONCLUSION It is 2001. Through the endeavors of Smith and Jones, LTD’s promoting system, Arctic Power is the main virus water clothing cleanser in Canada and has extended globally. The 1987 Arctic Power battle will be generally concentrated by MBA understudies from Palm Desert, California to Palm Beach, Florida as one of the extraordinary showcasing examples of overcoming adversity. Spiel and Dimick, LTD, will later proceed to enable some geeky To charge Gates kid showcase this remarkable thought of his called Windows while helping Al Gore in his new development, the Internet.

Popular Cliches Explained for ESL Students

Well known Cliches Explained for ESL Students A banality is a typical expression that has been abused. When all is said in done, adages are to be stayed away from. Truly, they are not evaded - that is the reason they are banalities! Understanding well known buzzwords is particularly significant for English students since they give a more profound comprehension of set expressions - or lumps of language. You may hear famous actors or lawmakers utilizing banalities. Theyre phrases everyone understands.â 10 Popular Cliches The composition on the wallâ Something that is going to occur, something that is obviousCant you recognize what would be inevitable! You have to escape that business.To pull an all-nighterâ To study or work all nightWe needed to pull a dusk 'til dawn affair to get the work completed on time.Pearls of wisdomâ Wise words or adviceIm not so much intrigued by his pearls of shrewdness. He lived in an alternate period.Too quite a bit of a decent thingâ Generally utilized when saying that is difficult to be excessively cheerful, or luckyEnjoy it! You cannot have an over the top great thing.Fit as a fiddleâ To be prepared and ableIm alive and well. Lets do this thing!Curiosity slaughtered the catâ Dont be excessively curious, it very well may be dangerous!Remember snooping around can lead to unexpected trouble. You should simply disregard it.Dont do as I do, do as I say.â Used when somebody calls attention to that you are being double-dealing (doing a certain something while at the same time demanding that others do that thing differently)Stop arguing! Dont do as I do, do as I say!Let resting hounds lieâ Dont investigate (examine) something that was irksome before, yet in which individuals are not as of now interestedId let dozing hounds lie and not re-open the examination concerning the wrongdoing. A feline has nine livesâ Someone may be having issues now, yet there are numerous odds to progress nicely or succeedHis vocation reminds that a feline has nine lives!Moment of truthâ The second where something significant will be appeared or decidedIts the decision time. Either well get the agreement or we wont. Where Can I Find Cliches? These lumps of language known as prosaisms are found all over the place: in letters, in films, in articles, in discussion. In any case, banalities are regularly utilized in conversation.â Would it be a good idea for me to Use Cliches? A decent dependable guideline for English students is to comprehend an assortment of mainstream banalities, however not really use them effectively. Commonly the utilization of a banality signals familiarity, however regularly prosaisms are viewed as improper or predictable. Then again, if a local speakerâ uses a prosaism you will understand!â â The Difference Between an Idiom and a Cliche A colloquialism is an expression that implies something different than the exacting words. Colloquialisms consistently have allegorical, not exacting implications. Strict Meaning precisely what the words sayFigurative Having an unexpected significance in comparison to what the words state Two Idioms To get under someones skin To trouble someoneShes getting under my skin these days!No spring chicken Not youngToms not exactly a youngster. Hes right around 70! Two Cliches A platitude is a stage which is considered abused (utilized time after time) which can be exacting or allegorical in importance. Here are a few models: Past times worth remembering/exacting In the past when things were betterI recollect my years at school. Indeed, those were old fashioned days.Tip of the ice shelf/metaphorical Only the start, or only a little percentageThe issues we are seeing are only a hint of something larger.

Installment Loans More Mileage for Your Money (Part 3 of 3)

Installment Loans More Mileage for Your Money (Part 3 of 3) Installment Loans: More Mileage for Your Money (Part 3 of 3) Installment Loans: More Mileage for Your Money (Part 3 of 3)In the world of lending, especially for people who have less-than-stellar credit scores, a payday loan is like a racecar: expensive and dangerous. Payday loans, with their high Annual Percentage Rates (APRs) and debt-trap structure, cause the average payday loan customer to take out ten loans per year and spend almost 200 days of the year in debt.[1] Looks like they’re not so “short-term” after all!An installment loan, on the other hand, is more like the family car: safe and functional, it gets the kids to school, you to work, and you can rely on it year round.The Payday Way is a Dead End.Let’s say your car breaks down on the way to work, and you need $1,000 in a hurry to pay for repairs. You take out a 14-day payday loan that costs $15 per $100 borrowed. The total cost of the loan is $150, and full repayment ($1,150) is due in two weeks.But is $1,150 something you could actually pay back in two weeks? Probably not. In fact, most payday loan customers can only afford roughly $100 per month towards their loan.[2] So you roll the loan over and pay the $150 you owe in interest in order to secure a two-week extension. However, those two weeks means paying another $150 in interest. Your payday loan now costs $300 and you still owe $1,150 to the lender. Basically, you’re right back where you started.Let’s say it takes you six months to finally pay the loan back in full, having rolled it over 13 times. It would have cost you $1,950 in total. After half a year, you’ve ended up paying nearly twice what you originally borrowed in fees and interest alone! Payday loans might not seem disastrous in the short term, but over time their costs really add up. The APR for a 14-day payday loan that costs $15 per $100 borrowed would be an astronomical 390%. You can read more in the eBook How to Protect Yourself from Payday Loans and Predatory Lenders.Long-Term Installment Loan = Long-Term SavingsNow what if y ou take out a $1,000 installment loan to pay your mechanic’s bill instead? It’s a six-month loan, with six monthly payments, and an Annual Percentage Rate (APR) of 99%. Right away, you see a huge difference in cost. Whereas the payday loan cost $1,950 over six months, this installment loan costs $307.75. That’s over six times less.This lower cost is due to a couple of different factors. One of them is the APR. The installment loan’s 99% APR is much lower than the payday loan’s 390% APR, which means that the installment loan is less expensive. APR measures the cost of a loan over a full year, so it doesn’t matter as much when a loan is only two weeks long. But when a loan lasts for six whole months? It matters a lot.  Also see  What’s the Difference Between a Payday Loan and an Installment Loan?  in our Blog for more information.But there’s another factor at work that makes the installment loan even cheaper: it’s called “amortization”, and it’s not nearly as c omplicated as it sounds.Amortization: The Electric Car of Personal LendingAmortization is a specific type of loan repayment structure. Amortized loans are designed to be repaid in a series of regularly scheduled, equally sized payments. Each payment also consists of two parts: one part pays down the principal, and the other part pays down the interest. Why is that important? Because it means that every payment you make reduces the amount you owe.Every time you reduce the principal amount owed on an amortized loan, you also reduce the amount charged in interest. With an amortizing installment loan, interest is charged as a percentage of the principal. If the principal is smaller, than the interest charge is smaller as well. The difference from one payment to the next may be small, but it adds up over time.Installment loans are amortizing, while payday loans are not. That’s why installment loans are so much less expensive. From the first payment you make on your installment loan, yo ure reducing the amount you owe. With a payday loan, on the other hand, the interest is a flat fee based on the original amount loaned. Every time the loan is rolled over, youre being charged that same fee all over again.Installment loans get cheaper over time; payday loans only get more expensive. Choosing between the two is just like choosing between a minivan and an F1 racecar: it’s not really a choice at all. It’s just common sense.References: Payday Loans and Deposit Advance Products. (2013, April 24). Retrieved from https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201304_cfpb_payday-dap-whitepaper.pdf Bourke, N., Horowitz, A., Roche, T. (2013, February). Payday Lending America: How Borrowers Choose and Repay Payday Loans. Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2013/02/20/pew_choosing_borrowing_payday_feb2013-%281%29.pdf

Lee Harvey Oswald in Assassination of John F. Kennedy - Free Essay Example

Lee Harvey Oswald was born on October 18, 1939 in the world renowned city of New Orleans, Louisiana. Oswald was born two months after his fathers death but grew up as the youngest of 3 siblings with a loving mother. After dropping out of highschool Lee decided it was time to serve his country as a U.S. Marine. After serving a couple of years as a marine and sharpshooter he was honorably discharged but not without his own damage. After serving some time near Tokyo, Japan, Oswald started to express pro-Soviet views and earned himself the nickname Oswaldskovich because of this. Some experts believe this is the starting point which lead to Oswald killing then president John F. Kennedy. 35th president of the United States John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated in Dealey Plaza, Texas on the 22nd of November, 1963. It seemed like a normal day for the president, he was strolling around in his 1961 Lincoln Continental four door open-top limousine with his secret service pals behind and infront of him when pew, pew, pew! â€Å"Three shots in six seconds† (Bojczuk par 42). â€Å"As the country came to grips with the assassination, Johnson made sure the moment when he took the oath of office, about two hours after Kennedy’s death, was documented, so the nation knew a constitutional change of office had taken place† (Bomboy par 2). 45 minutes after J.F.K.’s murder, Lee Harvey Oswald would shoot and kill a Dallas police officer, he would then be apprehended at a movie theater by Dallas police. While Lee Harvey Oswald did not officially receive a court trial for his actions there was a sufficient amount of evidence to present a case and there have been several court mandated mock-trials. This is because â€Å"He himself was fatally shot two days later by Jack Ruby in the Dallas County Jail† (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). The evidence found would have and has already set the verdict to guilty and incriminated him for the murder of J.F.K. but there is doubt that he acted alone. Since the Cold War was taking place at this time the public thought that the Soviet Union might’ve also had something to do with his assassination. Lee Harvey Oswald was very pro-Soviet Union and also tried to become a citizen but failed. Another reason society thought that oswald didn’t act alone was the â€Å"Single-Bullet Theory† that stated â€Å"one bullet caused Tague’s wound; one bullet caused President Kennedy’s fatal head wound; and â€Å"one bullet caused all of Kennedy’s and Connally’s non–fatal wounds by entering Kennedy’s back, exiting through his throat, entering Connally’s back, exiting his chest, passing through his right wrist, and lodging itself in his left thigh: the single–bullet theory† (Bojczuk par 4-6). There were even some conspiracy theories regarding the government and how L.B.J. (Lyndon B. Johnson) orchestrated the ordeal. â€Å"A Newsweek poll taken on the 20th anniversa ry of the assassination showed that 74 percent of Americans believed that â€Å"others were involved,† while only 11 percent thought Oswald acted alone† (Gillion par 9). I personally believe that Lee Harvey Oswald was not the sole shooter in the assassination of J.F.K. Whether it’d be a Russian coup, American coup, or a smaller group who just wanted to get rid of the president it was not in my opinion a one person ordeal. The chances of the â€Å"Single Bullet theory† happening are ridiculously to slim to actually happen. 74 percent of Americans would agree with me.

The Challenges of Global Citizens - 1252 Words

If we acknowledge that students today need to be better prepared to meet the challenges of global citizens, then it is even more important that we include robust social studies work within the core curriculum in the elementary schools. However, there is often a gap between national standards in reading, writing, and mathematics that sometimes places Social Studies education in a secondary or tertiary role. This is unfortunate because social studies is a holistic field that can easily be adapted to other core curriculum areas and used in a multidisciplinary approach to help students understand their world. In fact, if we look at National Council of Social Studies Standards we can see that in the early grades, children can become aware of self within the social setting; individuals in school, family and neighborhoods, and then branching out to sharing the earth as a community of humans (See: Mindes, 2005). In the contemporary world, the overall aims of social studies are vital in under standing three major issues: Individual identity and how we fit into the global scheme; national identity to understand the United States, culture, and how it fits globally, and; global identity how and what makes up this challenging world. Essentially, social studies aims to help everyone understand the micro community and, as they develop intellectually, more and more of the global community. The core subject matter of social studies is to learn about the following topics, and more how toShow MoreRelatedRecent Developments Of Public Administration1268 Words   |  6 Pagesfield of public administration. This paper will also discuss some new challenges facing public administrators. In conclusion it provides ways to overcome challenges, and cope up with recent changes and developments in the field of public administration. 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Life of Pi Active Reading Journal Chart (Part 1) - 607 Words

Cues: Credibility of the NarratorLines (Quotes) | Reflections / Reactions | Conclusion: Do these lines enhance or detract from the credibility of the narrative voice. | â€Å"In the spring of 1996, my second book, a novel, came out in Canada. It didn’t fare well.† | The context of the writer presents him as a poor and previously unsuccessful writer. He must produce a good story in order to make a living. | This detracts the credibility of the narrator by suggesting that the writer is quite desperate for a story in order to make money. It makes it seem like he is travelling to India as a last ditch effort to save himself financially, which to me makes him less credible. | â€Å"I had already moved on to another story, a novel set in Portugal in†¦show more content†¦| â€Å"Most times the stories were little more than anecdotes, short of breath and short of life.† | This line shows me that the author, while desperate, is not oblivious to the quality of th e tails that random strangers will throw at him. He could just as easily used one of these lifeless stories and wrote a book based on it, but he knows better. | This enhances the credibility of the narrator by showing me that he still has a standard for quality despite his desperateness. It makes the narrator more trustworthy by indicating to me that I am at least getting a story that the author himself thought was worth the effort to write about. | â€Å"Any inaccuracies or mistakes are mine.† | I have mixed feelings about this line. 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Re-Interpreting Internet Activism A Study of Its...

With the increasing number of protests mobilised through social networks, the Internet is coming to be seen either as a force of liberation or as the new generation’s â€Å"cyber-utopia†, creating unfounded optimism and hopes of emancipation. The former view claims that social networks play a key role in shaping debates about protests and in spreading democratic ideas around the globe (especially in the case of Arab Spring).The latter view advocates that the role of internet has been exaggerated in the narratives of these protests because the very working class which fuelled the revolution did not have access to these technologies. This view suggests that it is not Facebook or Twitter that has brought about these revolutionary changes but†¦show more content†¦Considering the political climate and the nature of public participation before and after the advent of internet activism, this paper suggests that there is a strong correlation between the nature of the state (comprising of the ideologies of the regime and its people), internet activism and its outcomes. Drawing from theoretical frameworks and linking it to incidences of digital age protests around the world, this paper argues that the question of internet activism contributing to the evolution of the process of public participation can be answered holistically only if the nature of the state is taken into account. Middle East It is with the Arab Spring that the advent of internet activism was acknowledged worldwide. For the first time, the internet was used in mass mobilization of the citizenry To illustrate further, in countries like Egypt and Tunisia, citizens have made effective use of social networks to catalyse the revolution. The success of the Egyptian revolt should also be attributed to the lack of opposition from the military and the elite (who succumbed under the social and economic pressure) in addition to theShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesï » ¿Plagiarism Bibliography Buckwalter, J. A., Wright, T., Mogoanta, L. and Alman, B. (2012), Plagiarism: An assault on the integrity of scientific research. J. Orthop. Res., 30:  1867 1868. Granitz, N. and Loewy, D. (2007). Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(3), 293-306. Luke, B. and Kearins, K. (2012), Attribution of words versus attribution of responsibilities: Academic plagiarism and university practice. Vaccine, 30(50):Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesJohnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission ofRead MoreCrm in Supermarkets30832 Words   |  124 PagesEB 2003-02 February 2003 FOOD INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT CORNELL U N I V E R S I T Y Customer Relationship Marketing (CRM) in the U.S. Supermarket Industry: Current Status and Prospects Gerard F. 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This McGraw−HillRead MoreSolution Fundamental Corporate Finance122999 Words   |  492 PagesSolutions Manual Fundamentals of Corporate Finance 9th edition Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan Updated 09-29-2010 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CORPORATE FINANCE Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. Capital budgeting (deciding whether to expand a manufacturing plant), capital structure (deciding whether to issue new equity and use the proceeds to retire outstanding debt), and working capital management (modifying the firm’s credit collection policy with its customers)Read MoreCorporate Finance174197 Words   |  697 PagesEnd of Chapter Solutions Corporate Finance 8th edition Ross, Westerfield, and Jaffe Updated 11-21-2006 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CORPORATE FINANCE Answers to Concept Questions 1. In the corporate form of ownership, the shareholders are the owners of the firm. The shareholders elect the directors of the corporation, who in turn appoint the firm’s management. 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The Drug Crisis Of Colombia - 1594 Words

It is astounding how a group of traffickers in Colombia have been able to keep a drug trade business going despite the government rejections. The traffickers started off with importing marijuana into the United States, and later turned to cocaine. The amounts of drugs being traded also grew rapidly. â€Å"†¦shipments grew from individuals carrying small amounts of large quantities on boats and low-flying airplanes†(Gilmore). The growth of drug trade in Colombia created two cartels, one that was led by Medellin and one led in Cali. Soon enough, the drug industry became so powerful that it influenced the country politically through threats, political contributions, and bribery. This power created conflict throughout the country creating violence which resulted in hundreds of deaths. It had resulted in complete chaos since the country was overpowered by illegal drugs. Despite Colombia’s strong republic government today, the drug trade problems have been escalating for the past 20 years resulting in the U.S involvement. Colombia has been known to be the perfect place for contraband and illegal drug activities, the vast mountain ranges made it impossible for any government to control its trade. â€Å"Colombia gives licit and illicit business access to four major neighbors to the south, and two oceans and Central America to the north† (Colombia). With these resources, Colombia has smuggled many things to other countries including drugs, arms, liquor, cigarettes, and many other things. ItShow MoreRelatedEssay on Columbia1712 Words   |  7 Pages America’s War on Drugs Chaos best describes the current state of the Republic of Colombia. Rebelling terrorist groups from within the country threaten to topple Colombia’s actual government. 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Nanak and the rise of Sikhism Free Essays

Sikhism is a religion that is originated in India, the origins for this religion come from the teaching of Guru Nanak poet and religious teacher and his successors . The teachings of Sikhism emphasize on the principle of equality of all humans and rejects discrimination from caste, creed, and gender . Another important concept from the Sikhism religion are faith and justice . We will write a custom essay sample on Nanak and the rise of Sikhism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sikhism is a monotheist religion , which is that they believe in only one god. The Sikhism traditions and teaching come from the history , society and culture of the Punjab. This monotheist religion was founded in the fifteenth century in the Punjab nation . It is the fifth largest organized religion in the world and the fastest growing . Followers of the religion are known as Sikhs and number over 26 million across the world . The vast majority of this followers live in the northwest India, in the Punjab region and in Demi. Sikhism comes from the root of two religion , which are Hinduism and Muslim. Nanak teaching are what brought these two religions to form together into Sikhism , which was the most significant attribute of Sikhism that attracted my attention the most , the teaching of Nanak and how it formed a new religion . Before Nanak , there was Kabir who was born Muslim , Kabir started combining Hindu bhakti with Muslim sufi mysticism and taught the path of love of god . Kabir traveled his message across the north Indian plain , we he collected followers . The most significant being Nanak . Unlike Kabir , Nanak was born into Hindu parents in 1949 , in the Punjab nation. Nanak was born into a a family of business men and followed along with his families path and also became a business man and married and had to kids during his earlier life . Nanak was so influenced by Kabir and driven by his spiritual quest of god that he left his family to spread his beliefs like Kabir. Nanak was what brought the religion of Sikhism to life his teaching and beliefs really moved people , which what spoke out to me the most of how a man can develop a new religion form his beliefs and his teaching. The turning point in Nanak’s life was when he was around thirty and he was bathing in the river where he disappeared into the water , while everyone was thinking he had drowned . When he disappeared he spoke to god , in where god challenged him to remain unpolluted by the world and to practice charity , ritual bathing , service , and meditation . After Nanak had gone through this and appeared again he mumbled his message â€Å"There is no Hindu ; There is no Muslim â€Å" , which were a significant part of the journey of Sikhism. After this religious encounter , Nanak had with got his teaching from Sikhism expanded and got more intense . Nanak wandered through the Punjab region , teaching his message to anybody that would listen , he combined both Hindu and Muslim into one each bringing their own unique attributes to Sikhism . One of the most significant words that came from this religion where â€Å" Realization of the truth is higher than all else, Higher still is truthful living â€Å" , this words come from Nanak teaching and philosophy. Sikhism is one of the worlds most growing religion with more than 26 million followers around the world , all result of one man and his teaching and experiences and the combination of two religions . Sikhism is such a strong religion that has held itself as one of the fifth largest religions worldwide and will continue to do so , which makes it fascination on how the teaching of two religions brought a whole other religion form teachings that has its own set of values and views. How to cite Nanak and the rise of Sikhism, Papers

Principles of Commercial Law of Annie and Brett †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Commercial Law Annie and Brett. Answer: Preface As per the given facts, the main dispute is incurred maid Brett and Annie. Annie is the plaintiff and the Brett is considered as defendant. Annie intends to take an action under the law of negligence against Brett and intends to claim compensation for the damages suffered by her. The burden of proof is upon the plaintiff, that is, Annie to prove that Brett owns a duty of care against her and it is because the breach of such duty of care that she has sustained damages and thus, Brett is negligent in his actions. The main elements that are required are: Duty of care Breach of duty of care Damages The legal principles governing the law of negligence are now student herein under and the same are applied to the facts of the case. Applicable law and its application on the facts Annie and Brett were known to each other as they used to study in the same Business law and Ethics class. Annie used to like Brett and Brett is more interested in her friend, Candice. Brett is working in Tavern. Annie decided to celebrate her birthday at Tavern on the expectation that Brett will be on duty and in fact he was on the duty on the said night. On the night of the birthday, Annie suffered serious injuries by slipping at tavern. She now intends to sue Brett as she believes that Brett is negligent in is actions in law and he must compensate Annie. Annie can only hold Brett liable under the law of negligence once she establishes all the elements of negligence against Brett. The law of negligence The law of negligence is one of the very important tortuous law that is prevalent in all the countries of the world. The basic principle upon which the law of negligence evolves is that every defaulter must make good to the loss that is sustained by any aggrieved party because of his actions or inactions.[1] The law of negligence was evolved for the first time in the leading case Donoghue v Stevenson[2]. It is in the leading case in which Lord Atkin has established the concept of negligence upon a manufacturer and the consumer. It was held by him that every manufacture owns a duty of care towards his consumer and he must supply products of such nature which does not result in any kind of injuryto the consumers. If harm is sustained then the manufacturer must compensate the consumer.[3] This principle is later extended generally to all the activities. Thus, to hold the defendant under the law of negligence, it is important that the dependant must own a duty of care towards the plaintiff and there must be violation of duty. The violation must result in causing harm to plaintiff. It is then the defendant has an obligation to make good the loss that is suffered by the plaintiff. Thus, Annie must prove that Brett was negligent in his actions to claim the compensation for her losses. The main essentials that are required to prove in order to hold any defendant liable in negligence are: Duty of care To prove negligence on the part of the defendant, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant is under a legal obligation to provide care. The duty submits that the actions or inactions of the defendant must be such so that no loss is caused to any plaintiff. In Shaw v Thomas[4], every occupier of the building owns a duty against the person visiting the premises and must carry out his actions so that no injury is caused to him.[5] Thus, Annie should first prove that Brett owns duty of care against her. This is because Brett was the manager of Tavern on the night when Annie suffered injuries. Brett was the in-charge of the premises and thus it becomes his paramount duty to protect and provide an environment that must not cause any harm to his invitees. However, Brett can only be imposed with the duty of care when there are two factors which are comply with. Neighborhood principle In negligence, the defendant is answerable only against such plaintiffs who are the neighbours of the defendant. The principle of neighbourhood signifies that the plaintiff and the defendant are so connected with each other that the acts and omissions of the defendant fall directly upon the plaintiff. There is proximity amid the two. In such situation, the defendant owns a duty of care and is held in Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Limited[6].[7] In the leading case of Wyong Shire Council v Shirt[8], the court established that every occupier of the building is imposed with an obligation to provide care to the entrants mainly because the entrants hold a proximate relationship with the occupier of the premises and the occupier must make sure that no injury should be caused to any of the entrants.[9] It is submitted that Brett is the occupier of Tavern when the incident took place. Annie is the entrant in the Premises. So, as per the principle laid down in Wyong Shire Council v Shirt, Brett and Annie are in proximate relationship and Brett must make sure that no injury is caused to Annie because of his non-compliance of hid duty. Reasonable forseeability principle Also, the duty of care can only be imposed upon the defendant if the impact that might occur after the conduct of the defendant is rationally predictable. It was held in Romeo v Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory[10] that if the defendant is aware about the results of his acts with reasonable forseeability, then, he is under duty to prove care to the plaintiff against such effects.[11] In the leading case of Cunningham v Reading FC[12], it was held that if the occupier of the premises can reasonably foresee that impact of his actions upon the plaintiff, then, it is his duty to avoid such acts so that no harm is caused to the plaintiff. Now, At around 11: 00, Brett was informed by his co-worker David that someone was sick near the main door. Brett inquired that whether the main door was cleaned yup which was replied in affirmative by David. However, Brett did not on his own have checked whether the floor was actually cleaned or not. Brett is aware that the floor is slippery and since the mess is in front of the main door, which is the passage where all the entrants are coming and leaving, thus, is a place where the chances of mis-happening is the highest. So, there is an element of resemble forseeability. Thus, Brett can reasonably foresee the damages and the injuries which might take place to the entrants, including Annie. However, still no efforts are made by him to protect the entrants from the injury. Thus, there is presence of principle of neighbourhood and reasonable forseeability, thus, Brett owns a duty of care against all the entrants including Annie. Breach of duty of care The obligation of care when is not met by the defendant then the duty is considered to be breached. However, the duty is said to be breached only when the echelon of concern and precautions that are probable are not comply with. The level of care varies from situation to situation. If the plaintiff against whom the duty of care is to be comply with a child or aged or ill or intoxicated person, then, the duty of care is high otherwise the level is less. If the risk involved is high then the level of care is also high and vice versa and is rightly held in Roe v Minister of Health[13]. In the leading case of Spotless Services Australia Ltd v Herbath anor[14], it was held that the occupier must carry out his duty with adequate level of care in order to avoid any kind of breach. Now, it is established that Brett owns a duty of care against Annie. But, this duty is not comply with as Brett is aware that there is mess around the front door. David even submitted that the mess was an awful mess. However, still, Brett was not diligent enough to check whether the mess was cleared or not. He was too busy to serve Candice. Brett was aware that almost every person in Tavern was intoxicated. Thus, he has a greater duty to provide care to the entrants. He must be diligent enough to check the entrance as the chances of injury to be incurred is very high as there is continuous flow of movement at the entrance. However, this echelon of heed that is desired from Brett was not complying with resulting in clear breach of duty. Damages Once the obligation of protection is not comply with, then, to grasp the defendant for negligence, t is required that there is some thrashing that might have caused to the plaintiff. The loss can be mentally or physically, but, there has to be some kind of loss that must be sustained by the plaintiff and is held in Allied Maples v Simmons Simmons[15].[16] Now, the duty of care is established upon Brett which is breached by him. Because of the breach of duty, Annie has sustained a fracture to her lower back and will need surgery. She will have to lie in bed for some months in order to recover. Shell have to give up her part-time job at Safeway for at least six months. But, Brett will only be held liable for such damages provided there is: Causation The loss/ damage which is sustain to the plaintiff is caused unswervingly because of the breach of duty of the defendant, thus, there must be presence of e element of causation and is held in Baker v Willoughby[17]. Since Brett was in breach of his duty and it is because of his breach that Annie has suffered injuries, thus, there are elements of causation. If Brett would have complied with his duty, the loss could have been avoided. Remoteness Further, the damages sustained to the plaintiff can be anticipated by the defendant reasonably. The loss must not be too remote to predict. Thus, remoteness is one of the elements to prove negligence on the part of the defendant and is held in Humber oil terminals trustee ltd v harbour and general works(stevin) ltd.[18] Now, Brett is aware that there is mess at the entrance of the building. He is also aware that the mess was too much as described by David. Thus, he is also aware that if any person will slip on the mess then the chances are there that someone might be injured. Thus, the damage that might be caused because of the mess was not remote and can be easily predictable by Brett. So there is element of predictability that is present. It is thus submitted that Brett was imposed with the duty of care against Annie, as Annie was her neighbor and the impact of the acts and omission of Brett was reasonably foreseeable by Brett. This duty of care is not comply with by Brett as no adequate level of care is undertaken by him. Because of the breach of duty of care Annie has sustained injuries. Thus, all the three elements of negligence are established and Brett can be held liable under the law of negligence. Defense - contributory negligence At times the defendant can take a defense of contributory negligence in order to protect himself. It has to be proved that that the loss/damage sustained to the plaintiff is not by the fault of the defendant only, that the plaintiff has also contributed his own loss by acting in adverse manner and thus the liability of the defendant can be proportionately reduced to the extent the plaintiff has contributed to his own loss. Brett can rely on the fact that Annie was wearing too much heals and that could be the reason for the aggravation of her injuries. The heal broke which further aggravated the injury caused to Annie. Thus, Brett can claim to reduce his liabilities proportionality. Decision and Remarks Thus, Brett was imposed with the duty of care which is not catered by him resulting in causing loss to Annie. But, Brett can prove that the loss that is caused is because of the contribution on the part of Annie and thus claim the defence of contributory negligence. Annie must bring an action of negligence against Brett wherein she will succeed in her action. But, Brett can also claim demesne of contributory negligence. References Books/Articles/Journals Beever, Allan , Rediscovering the Law of Negligence, (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2007). Gibson, A and Fraser, D, Business Law 2014, (Pearson Higher Education AU, 2013) Norman, Katter, Who then in law is my neighbour? - Reverting to First Principles in the High Court of Australia, (The Tort Law Review, 2004). Case laws Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Limited (2002) 76 ALJR 1348. Allied Maples v Simmons Simmons[1995]. Baker v Willoughby[1970] AC 467 Cunningham v Reading FC (1991). Donoghue v Stevenson (1932). Humber oil terminals trustee ltd v harbour and general works(stevin) ltd. (1992) 59 blr 1 Romeo v Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory (1998) 192 CLR 431. Roe v Minister of Health[1954] 2 WLR 915 Shaw v Thomas[2010] NSWCA 169. Spotless Services Australia Ltd v Herbath anor (2009) 26 VR 373. Wyong Shire Council v Shirt- [1980] HCA 12. Online Material Souper, M, The Sixth Law form (2008) https://sixthformlaw.info/02_cases/mod3a/aqa/_cases_tort_3damage.htm. Hubbard, S, Australia: Nature of duty of care owed by occupiers of domestic premises to ten year old boy who fell whilst descending from top bunk of bed s 5B Civil Liability Act, 2010, https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/107024

Green Packaging free essay sample

Manufacturers are currently competing with each other to produce a form of green packaging. Packaging is an important part of marketing these days,but much of it is a threat to the environment. There are two reasons for this. The production of such packaging uses up a great deal of energy and cartons,wrappers,etc are often difficult to dispose of when they become waste material. People in most countries have become aware of the damage which modern living is doing to the environment,and many of them are concerning themselves with the conservation of the environment for future generations.Thus,both politicians and scientists are now looking at the issues of the energy-saving and waste disposal with a view to making them more environmentally-friendly. As far as packaging is concerned,it is vital that it is either recyclable or biodegradable. For example,instead of throwing out newspaper and glass bottles with their household rubbish,people in several countries are being encouraged to put these in special containers to allow the material to be recycled. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Packaging or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some household waste,such as vegetable peelings,is naturally biodegradable and so decomposes gradually until it disappears. Man-made goods are not so easily disposed of. Goods and packaging made of plastic create waste material that is particularly difficult to get rid of. This means that huge landfill sites have to be dug out so as to bury the plastic waste underground,possibly causing problems for future generations. Just as much of a problem is industrial waste,since the effluent from factories often contains chemicals which can lead to the pollution of water supplies.Waste from factories has to be monitored carefully in order to avoid this. Technological advances using nuclear power have added to the waste problem. The disposal of nuclear waste causes particular concern because it is radioactive and so possibly dangerous to life. The high standard of living,which the people of many countries now enjoy. has resulted in a huge increase in waste material. This could have a terrible effect on the ecology of the planet. There is no doubt that urgent action must be taken to save our environment from possible disaster.

What to Look For When Choosing an Abstract Essay Sample

What to Look For When Choosing an Abstract Essay SampleAn Abstract Essay is a way of putting out ideas in a very concise way and can be a great help to many who are trying to gain an insight into an academic subject. It can also give a very nice number to look at on the test but it can also do some serious damage to your chances of success at the exams if you are not careful.You may think that the exam will not be too hard for you, but there is a long and difficult process in between actually writing the essay and preparing it for the examination. The essay is never easy to write and many students spend months or even years trying to achieve the perfect style. You should therefore be very careful when it comes to picking up your essay sample.A practical question would be 'what makes an Abstract Essay template better than others?' Well, this is actually not a real question, it's more of a query about how to spot a quality essay from a bad one. It really does depend on what type of tes t you want to take and also how you feel about the particular topic being covered. The best way to discover this is to search the internet for a template of an essay and see which one fits your writing style best.One more thing to be careful of is making the mistake of picking up the first Abstract Essay Sample you come across. While this is very common nowadays, there are so many examples out there it could take a while before you see one that really suits you. It is much better to just stick with some well established and published examples.A good example would be something like the all-time best selling book The Art of the Deal by Donald Trump. If you are finding it difficult to come up with ideas for essays, then this may be a good option for you. You can find many examples on the internet and because of its popularity many software tools are available to make it easier for you to find the correct Abstract Essay Sample.One more point to consider is the topic of the essay, this c an usually be narrowed down to a more broad topic, but not all of the time. You might think that going after the global warming cause is a good idea, but the problems it causes might be far more intricate and might even require a topic more in depth. So always keep in mind the intended subject and narrow it down before you start writing.Ultimately, as long as you are careful with your samples, you should find that you can get a good Abstract Essay Sample within no time at all. Remember to stick to established patterns and not break them so that you can use them when you are making your own.

Game Theory in Business Applications free essay sample

Nash equilibrium Now that we have realized that we have to move in a somewhat similar direction to the economists, maybe we should consult the experts of the game theory at this point. In the 1980s Axelrod and Hamilton worked on a famous problem in the game heory, the Prisoners Dilemma, exactly because it deals with this problem. The rational pursuit of individual self-interest drives everybody into an outcome that is not favored by anybody. Imagine two partners in a crime being interrogated at the same time. Each one has two options, cooperate with the other and keep quiet or betray the other and confess. Case C, we can say, is if both cooperate then the police cannot get much out of them and they will both get a light sentence (2 years); if one defects and the other keeps quiet then the traitor will get an even lighter sentence (1 ear) this is case B. We will write a custom essay sample on Game Theory in Business Applications or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the one who cooperates gets the longest sentence (10 years), this is the worst end of the deal and we can call this case S. In a case when both betray one another they will both get a sentence (6 years) longer than if they had cooperated but lighter than if one had kept quiet and the other spoke, and this is case D. Out of the four outcomes, B is the best and S is the worst from an individualistic point of view, while the order of preference is B, C, S, D. We should realize that this is a non-zero sum game. In a zero-sum game, my loss is your gain; for example, if we re trying to divide a certain amount of money in the bank into two, anything over fifty percent for me is a loss for you. On the other hand, in a non-zero sum game I can actually win without you losing. Each suspect has to make their decision without knowing what the other has done. What would a rational suspect do? The answer is simple; he would betray his partner in crime! Regardless of what the other suspect does, betrayal always pays better than cooperating. Here is the simple reasoning one would follow. Suppose my partner in crime cooperates. I could do quite well by also cooperating, I would get 2 years, (C). But it is even better to betray him, since I would then get 1 year instead of 2, (B). What if he betrays me? If I keep quiet then the worst is going to happen and I will get 10 years, (S), therefore I should defect and get 6 years, (D). In summary, all we are saying is that the second row in the chart is always more favorable than the first row, hence no matter what, a rational prisoner would always betray his partner! And here comes the dilemma: it pays each of them to defect, whatever the other one does, yet if both defect, each does less well than if both had cooperated. What is best or each individual leads to a mutual defection, while everybody would be better off Fortunately, the dilemma has a solution in our case. So far, we have only played the game once. What happens if the parties play the game repeatedly and for an indefinite number of times? After every single time they play they know that they are likely to meet again later. Under such conditions there is actually a cooperative strategy for the players that could be successful; this is a somewhat twisted version of the cooperation defined earlier in the prisoners dilemma case. First of all, we mmediately realize that always defecting is clearly not the smartest strategy, knowing that you will meet the other individual again in the future. Instead, consider this natural strategy, called Tit for Tat, which is never to be the first to defect, always imitate the other from his previous move and retaliate only when you have been betrayed. It turns out that this highly cooperative strategy can survive, even though initially it withstands the challenges of readily defecting strategies. And it can be stable against diminishing altogether. In order for this Tit for Tat strategy to have a chance to work, a critical proportion of he individuals have to cooperate. Otherwise the readily defective strategies would simply destroy the cooperative ones and dominate the whole system. But once the number of individuals who adopt a Tit for Tat strategy exceeds a critical ratio in the population then it survives and reaches a stable ratio able to withstand any other strategy. Axelrods theory is nice and easy to understand, but once again it prompts all sorts of other issues. How frequently the population is able to reach that critical level in the first place? On the other hand, what kind of a memory do individuals need in order to e able to execute a Tit for Tat strategy? What do we make of it? We could keep working on expanding these explanations and models, or at least the biologists should. But in any case, in order for any of these models to apply in what we see in nature we have to be demanding of the individuals who form the population. Every single time we come up with a new approach or an extended model it is difficult to explain many of the characteristics of altruistic behavior, even in idealized cases. Either there must be altruistic genes that can recognize the other altruistic genes carried in other individuals, or we all individuals have a well- eveloped memory that actually remembers all the moves that have been made by other individuals in the population, or one starts from an idealistic state in order to maintain the stability of the system without knowing how we are able to get there in the first place. It seems that the smarter we get, the better our theories are developed, and the more flawless our models become, the more we realize that all the individuals in the great ecosystem of nature that show some kind of altruistic behavior must have a great about the whole picture and they must have an authority that has a great impact on others, on and on and on.

Examples of Arrangement in Composition

Examples of Arrangement in Composition In rhetoric and composition, arrangement refers to the parts of a speech or, more broadly, the structure of a text. Arrangement (also called disposition) is one of the five traditional canons or subdivisions of classical rhetorical training. Also known as  dispositio, taxis, and organization. In classical rhetoric, students were taught the parts of an oration. Though rhetoricians did not always agree on the number of parts, Cicero and Quintilian identified these six: the exordium, the narrative (or narration), the partition (or division), the confirmation, the refutation, and the peroration. Arrangement was known as taxis in Greek and dispositio in Latin. Examples and Observations Aristotle states that...the very nature of rhetoric requires at least four components: an exordium, or introduction (prooimion), an advanced thesis (prothesis), proofs (pisteis), and a conclusion (epilogos).(Richard Leo Enos, Traditional Arrangement. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, 2001)In A Rhetoric of Motives (1950), Kenneth Burke summarized the classical position on arrangement as rhetorical form in the large involving the following: a progression of steps that begins with an exordium designed to secure the goodwill of ones audience, next states ones position, then points up the nature of the dispute, then builds up ones own case at length, then refutes the claims of the adversary, and in a final peroration expands and reinforces all points in ones favor while seeking to discredit whatever had favored the adversary. Declining Interest in Arrangement In the place of the old rhetorics formulaic arrangement, the new rhetoric [of the 18th century] advised an arrangement that reflected the flow of thought itself. By the nineteenth century, the classical rhetorical tradition was pretty much adrift- although Richard Whately made an heroic effort to salvage it. As writing pedagogy abandoned prescribed techniques for invention, arrangement, and style (memory and delivery were already sinking as writing displaced oral literacy), teachers increasingly focused on grammar and surface features. How the student was supposed to create an essay was a mystery- as all writing came to be seen as the result of inspiration. Teaching the structure of the classical oration certainly made little sense because the form of a piece of writing should be determined by the reality the writer aimed to convey, not some static pre-ordained formula.(Steven Lynn, Rhetoric and Composition: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Arrangement in Modern Media Modern mass media...present special complications to the study of arrangement because the sequencing of information and arguments, the order in which certain appeals reach an audience, is very difficult to predict...Saturation and sheer quantity of exposure to a message given in single bursts may count for more than the interrelationships of parts of a single message achieved by its carefully crafted arrangement.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Modern Arrangement. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, 2001)

Cross cultural management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cross cultural management - Essay Example Limited cultural training barred most interactions. Though, participating parties rated this handy experiment as a major embodiment of their education. Introduction Virtual teams are turning into a standard element of worldwide business affiliations. The globalization of affiliations and technological advancements ensue into driving this virtual team notion that may continue to augment and develop into the predictable future. Virtual groups vary from face groups. One key difference is that they are thoroughly geographically placed, a fact that forces individuals to aim at overcoming time, affiliation boundaries and time (Ahuja, Galletta, and Carley, 2003). Moreover, communication is continually identified as the key to fruitful virtual teams. Therefore, communication and its several elements are a prime focus of this study. Virtual workgroups can typically be acknowledged by their traits. Virtual teams are a functional team that is inter-reliant in work management, having displayed e quality in responsibility for upshots and universally managing relations across affiliation boundaries. ... Additionally, virtual teams provide the opportunity to form culturally, assorted solutions; enhances creativity and a strong sense of unity among the involved team players. This can also encourage a firm acceptance of new notions, offering a competitive merit for international affiliations. Other merits are cost savings related to lodging and travel, time separation which makes the project to be active and access to most of the influential people in the affiliation joining deliberations at a pantry cost (Furnham, 2000). The demerits of virtual teams are that they often lean to utilise a more time-consuming deliberation process. When misunderstandings and poor communication occur, conflicts may arise among working teams. The time and geographical distance zones between team members may make a resolution of these constraints harder (Zakaria, Amelinckx and Wilemon, 2004). Cultural constraints of notably diverse nations may aggravate the drawbacks. Communication and trust One of the most pertinent keys to affluence with regard to communication is complete trust among teams and their members. Team associates ought to feel liberated to assert their viewpoints with no fear of critics. This constraint can be more complicated if team affiliates have hardly met each other or know pantry regarding their workmates (Warkentin et al, 2002). The swift trust phenomenon postulates that team players import anticipations of trust from common settings. In virtual teams, there is overtly meagre time to reserve and develop any mode of individual relationships. Workforces are constantly selected for virtual teams based on a sundry knowhow set, with pantry or no considerable attention given to a past record of working closely together (Oertig,

LinkedIn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

LinkedIn - Essay Example Slide Share is usually an under-utilized site. It is a presentation of Wikipedia and for those who love it says it remains a site that drives qualified leads for the company (Gerard, 2011). This shows that the company does not go for flashy networks but looks for those that provide the best benefits the company already offers. Additionally, LinkedIn contains ads that makes the experience of its users more robust and richer. This ensures it maintains its current users and attracts others. Through this, the company can be said to be so successful through its good strategies (Slutsky, 2010). To make LinkedIn more successful, it is vital to transform the company into a publishing hub to diversify its services. As a manager, I would lead the company into utilizing its best assets that are its 2.4 million companies and 200 million peers who use the service and link them through one large knowledge exchange platform. Through this, LinkedIn will be a professional publishing platform and valuable context will be provided for the small, medium, and large businesses who need to target and involve with professionals (Grove, 2013). In addition, business content like news articles, whitepapers, and educated discussion threads, among others that cannot be found elsewhere will be available on LinkedIn and this will ensure individuals and companies come back for more. The future strategy that LinkedIn should consider is to hang onto its walled garden method making it the professional network service. It should uphold its focus on serving professions and must not turn to another socia l network service like Facebook or Twitter. It must preserve distinctness. Lastly, it should acquire pulse which is a mobile readers application to enable its users access valuable information on the site from anywhere through their mobile phones. Through this, the company is likely to be

Coordination Chemistry of Bidentate Ligands Research

Coordination Chemistry of Bidentate Ligands Research Elham Torabi Farkhani Mehrdad Pourayoubi Pavel V. Avdreev Katarina Introduction The coordination chemistry of bidentate ligands has been studied for over thirty years [reference]. The bidentate ligands with phosphoryl and thiophosphoryl groups have been used as effective coordinating agents in the different metal chemistry, in most cases the reports were attributed to bonding between the metal cation and specific Lewis sites on the ligand, itself has number sites with potential to bind metal ions, such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. In order to recent report Hg metal ion is known to have strong affinity for nitrogen and sulfur Lewis sites [reference] which our work here is done bonding between Hg metal atom and sulfur in ligands. A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) [reference] yielded a data set of 76 purely molecular structures to be used for study of coordination of metal atom with a P(S)[N][O]2 skeleton of ligand. Thus there are a number of reports on molecular structure contain M-S=P fragments with different metal atoms [reference]. An inves tigation of the reports reveals that there isn’t any publication with Hg metal, also we haven’t found any precise study on the effect of all interactions, including coordinating linkages and intermolecular interactions on the structure of Hg(II) complexes with bisthiophosphoryl ligands. Accordingly we have carried out a study on mercury (II) chloride with two different bidentate ligand with general formula (OEt)2P(S)-X-P(S)(OEt)2 where X=1,4-NH-C6H5-NH and piperazine (scheme ). Reaction of two ligand with HgCl2 generated binuclear complex C1 and C2. All compounds were charactrized by IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P NMR) spectroscopy and mass analysis. The structure of ligand 1 and two complexes C1 and C2 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Experimental Materials and methods Mercuric chloride (99.5%), O,O†²-diethyl chlorothiophosphate (OCH2CH3)2P(S)Cl (97%), diethylenediamine (97%), 1,4-phenylenediamine (99%) (Aldrich), acetonitrile (99%) and methanol (99%) (Merck) were used as supplied. Acetonitrile was dried with P2O5 and distilled prior to use. The 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Advance 400 spectrometer at 400, 101 and 162 MHz, respectively. 1H chemical shifts were determined relative to Si (CH3)4. 31P chemical shift was measured relative to 85% H3PO4 as external standard. Mass spectra were performed using a Varian Star 3400 CX mass spectrometer. Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on KBr disk using a Buck 500 scientific spectrometer. Elemental analysis was performed using a Thermo Finnigan Flash EA 1112 apparatus. X-ray data collection was performed with a Xcalibur, Sapphire3, Gemini diffractometer with graphite monochromator. Synthesis General procedure for the preparation of ligands The ligands were synthesized from the reaction of 2 mmol (OCH2CH3)2P(S)Cl with 1 mmol of the corresponding diamine (diethylenediamine and 1,4-phenylenediamine) in presence of Et3N as HCl scavenger in CH3CN at 0ËÅ ¡ C. After stirring for 24 h, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was washed with distilled water and dried. Chemical structures are shown in scheme 1. Physical and spectroscopic data of the ligands are presented below: 1, 4 [(C2H5O)2P(S)N]2C4H8 (L1): Mp: 105ËÅ ¡ C. Anal. calc. (%) for C12H28N2O4P2S2: C: 36.88; H: 7.17; N: 7.17, S: 16.39, found: C: 37.81; H: 7.16, N: 7.26, S: 15.7. IR data (KBr, cm-1): 2990, 2903, 2864, 1449, 1387, 1339, 1264, 1151, 1098, 1029, 972, 792, 714.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) ÃŽ ´: 1.22 (t,3JH-H= 7.1 Hz, 12H, CH3), 3.12 (m, 8H, C4H8), 7.00 (m, 8H, CH2), 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) ÃŽ ´: 15.57 (d, 3JP-C = 8.08 Hz, 4C, CH3), 44.84 (s, 4C, C4H8), 62.45 (s, 4C, CH2), 31P NMR (162 MHz, DMSO-d6) ÃŽ ´: 73.64. MS (70 eV, EI): m/z (%) = 390 (28), 235 (43), 195 (100), 153 (99), 120 (96), 96 (100), 28 (66). 1, 4 [(C2H5O)2P(S)NH]2C6H4 (L2): Mp: 105ËÅ ¡ C. Anal. calc. (%) for C14H26N2O4P2S2: C: 40.73, H: 6.30, N: 6.78, S: 15.51, found: C: 41.15, H: 6.34, N: 7.01, S: 15.57. IR data (KBr, cm-1): 3268, 2980, 1515, 1479, 1380, 1278, 1218, 1168, 1023, 959, 816, 726, 646. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 1.22 (t,3JH-H= 7.1 Hz, 12H, CH3), 3.12 (m, 8H, C4H8), 7.00 (m, 8H, CH2), 13C NMR (101 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 15.57 (d, 3JP-C = 8.08 Hz, 4C, CH3), 44.84 (s, 4C, C4H8), 62.45 (s, 4C, CH2), 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 73.64. MS (70 ev, EI): m/z (%) = 412 (94), 411 (100), 168 (26), 107 (89), 96 (91), 92 (39), 65 (87), 28 (88). General procedure for the preparation of complexes The complexes were prepared by a solutions of 2 eq. HgCl2 in 15 ml of methanol was added drop wise to a solution of 1 eq. the corresponding ligand in 15 ml of methanol. The clear solution was stirred under reflux for 24h. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained from slow evaporation of the solution at room temperature. Physical and spectroscopic data of the complexes are given below:  µ-{1, 4-[(C2H5O)2P(S)N]2C4H8}(HgCl2)2 (C1): Mp: 105ËÅ ¡ C. Anal. calc. (%) for C12H28Cl4Hg2N2O4P2S2: C: 15.41; H: 2.99; N: 2.99, S: 6.84, found: C: 15.67; H: 2.91, N: 2.99, S: 5.74. IR data (KBr, cm-1): 2976, 2895, 1444, 1383, 1344, 1266, 1121, 1037, 967, 804, 772, 702.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 1.22 (t,3JH-H= 7.1 Hz, 12H, CH3), 3.12 (m, 8H, C4H8), 7.00 (m, 8H, CH2), 13C NMR (101 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 15.57 (d, 3JP-C = 8.08 Hz, 4C, CH3), 44.84 (s, 4C, C4H8), 62.45 (s, 4C, CH2), 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 73.64.  µ-{1, 4 -[(C2H5O)2P(S)NH]2C6H4}(HgCl2)2 (C2): Mp: 105ËÅ ¡ C. Anal. calc. (%) for C14H26Cl4Hg2N2O4P2S2: C: 17.59; H: 2.72; N: 2.93, S: 6.70, found: C: 17.85; H: 2.69, N: 2.93, S: 6.53. IR data (KBr, cm-1): 3211, 2990, 1615, 1512, 1479, 1380, 1274, 1214, 1161, 988, 824, 633. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 1.22 (t,3JH-H= 7.1 Hz, 12H, CH3), 3.12 (m, 8H, C4H8), 7.00 (m, 8H, CH2), 13C NMR (101 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 15.57 (d, 3JP-C = 8.08 Hz, 4C, CH3), 44.84 (s, 4C, C4H8), 62.45 (s, 4C, CH2), 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 73.64. Result and discussion IR and NMR spectroscopy Mass spectroscopy The nature of the fragments observed in the mass spectrum often provides as clue to the molecular structure. The fragmentation pathways of ligands 1 and 2 were studied by electron ionization at 70 eV experiment and revealed a molecular ion peak [M]+ at m/z (%) of 390 (28) and 412 (94) for 1 and 2, respectively. The formation of the [M-1] specie from the parent ion of compound 2 was shown to exclusively involve an aromatic hydrogen atom; our results were in good agreement with previously published results. [reference]. The previous paper has been shown that dialkyl alkanephosphonates ROCH2CH2P(O)(OR)2 undergo a McLafferty rearrangement in which a ÃŽ ³ hydrogen from the alkylphosphorous moiety migrates to the phosphoryl group and a molecule of olefin is eliminated from the molecular ion [reference]. The mass spectra of compound 1 and 2 with the same structure have confirmed previously reported mechanism. The peak related to the C2H4 radical-cation with m/z = 28 are shown for two struct ures. Relative peak height = relative abundance as measured from this ion in the compound 1 and 2 are 66 and 88. For the compound 1, the base peak is appeared at m/z = 153 (P(S)(OEt)2) and in the compound 2, the base peak is appeared at m/z = 411 (M-1) fragment. For 1, the main fragmentation is based cleavage of N-P bond then produced A ion and P(S)(OEt)2 with m/z 153. The ion of A following three pathways: (1): A ion can produce a stabilized ion by loss of ethylene via the McLafferty rearrangement which generate the odd mass ion m/z 181 that it operates for ion m/z 181 capable of electronic shift involving a six-membered cyclic transition state in the molecule skeleton given in scheme 1. This will then stabilize to an even mass ion m/z 180 by elimination of an H radical. (2): in this pathway produce the ion at m/z 147 that formed through a three- membered ring as transition state by loss of two molecule of ethanol. The ion of m/z 147 indicating the relatively low stability of the P-O bond to the molecule of A in comparison with that of the P-N bond. (3). The ion at m/z 84 is formed through two step, the first is cleavage of P-N bond then in second step is formed via a 1,2 hydride shift by loss of a molecule of P(S)(OEt)2 [reference]. The same kind of rearrangement is observed for 2 and the main fragmentation is based cleavage of N-P bond then produced molecule ion with m/z 107. Scheme 1. Fragmentation pathway of compound 1 X ray crystallography Complexes of 1 and 2 were crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca Triclinic with space group P, respectively. Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 1 and selected bond lengths and angles are given in Tables 2 and 3. The asymmetric unit of complexes of 1 and 2 consist of one Hg2+ ion, two Cl and one half crystallographically independent ligand (Fig 1). There are two different types of Hg-Cl bonds that included bridge Hg1-Cl2 bond (2.5904(17) Ã… in 1 and 2.4852 (7) Ã… in 2) connect the molecule into one dimensional chain extended along the c axis and terminal Hg1-Cl1 bond (2.369(2) Ã… in 1 and 2.4295 (9) Ã… in 2) linked to adjacent ones by intermolecular interaction into a chain parallel to b axis in 1 and a axis in 2. (Fig 2). So, the Hg atom adopts an Hg[Cl]3[S] coordination environment in this compound with the highly distorted tetrahedral geometry of the Hg(II) center that can be better described as a seesaw structure which two chloride atoms and Hg atom [ Hg1, Hg1, Cl2] is planar, one chloride and sulfur atoms in the pivot position. The different bond distance from the  µ-chloride atoms performed and refer to asymmetry of the halogen bonds (2.5904 (17), 2.6820 (17) Ã… in 1 an d 2.4852 (7), 2.8273 (8) Ã… in 2) and they are compared to the terminal bond of Hg-Cl slightly extended. Some selected bond angles specify the distorted tetrahedral geometry at the Hg(II) center in complex 1 are as follows: Cl1—Hg1—S1 130.91 (7) °, Cl1—Hg1—Cl2 110.98 (7) °, S1—Hg1—Cl2 104.59 (6) °, Cl1—Hg1—Cl2i 108.29 (8) °, S1—Hg1—Cl2i 105.96 (6) ° , Cl2—Hg1—Cl2i 87.47 (5) °, Hg1—Cl2—Hg1i 92.54 (5) ° and P1—S1—Hg1 98.40 (8) °. In ligand L1, the phosphorus atom has a distorted tetrahedral [N]P(S)[O]2 configuration with the bond angles in the range of 101.77 (18) ° [O2—P1—S1] to 115.80 (19) ° [O1—P1—S1]. The P=S bonds of ligand are in a trans orientation is showing respect to each other and that the sulfur atom is coordinated to the mercury center. As a result of coordination to the mercury center, as expected, the P=S bond length (P (1)–S (1) 1.97 (9) Ã…) is slightly longer than that of the free ligand The crystal structure of the complex 1 generated by the O1†¦S=P interaction along c-axis. As a result of these interactions, One-dimensional chain structure is produced. The presence of Hg-Cl and Hg-S moieties in the complex lead to the formation weaker intermolecular C-H†¦Cl-Hg , C-H†¦S-Hg interactions between the neighboring 1D chain along b-axis that create a two-dimensional array in the crystal lattice. Scheme 2. Schematic presentation of bisthiophosphoryl ligands 1 (right), 2 (left) Fig. 1 Asymmetric unit of complex 1(right) and 2 (left) are shown Fig.2 Representation of one-dimensional chain of complex 1 along the c-axis. Colour keys for the atoms: Hg †¦., P orange, O red, N blue, C light grey, H light blue Fig. 3 The title complex 1, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level Fig. 4 The title complex 2, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level Table 1. Crystal data, data collection and refinement for complexes 1 and 2 Table 2 Selected bond lengths (AÃÅ'Ã…  ) and angles ( °) for complex 1 Table 3 Selected bond lengths (AÃÅ'Ã…  ) and angles ( °) for complex 2

Professional practice in children’s care learning and development Essay

It is my understanding that in my continued professional development, as manager of my setting it is my role to ensure that myself and every member of the staff and management committee understand the values, principles and statutory framework that underpins service provision in children’s care, learning and development At all times in our centre the welfare of the child is paramount and we demonstrate daily professional practise in line with the new minimum standards, code of practice and the ethos of our setting. We understand that parents are the most important people in children’s lives and that with their support for their children’s learning and development, it is up to us as a staff team to enhance what the children have already been taught by their parents and ensure that through our daily plans, based on the 6 areas of learning, set in place by the education training inspectorate, make a positive impact on the children’s early learning skills to h elp them achieve a positive long term impact on their later learning and achievements. If young children are to get the early education and care they need, there must be a substantial change in the way working with young children is perceived. There needs to be clear roles in the early years workforce and standards are continually being raised with new publications like the Cathy Nutbrown report. Other publications such as together towards improvement, the curricular guidance for preschool education, the 0-6 strategy, the minimum new standards and all relevant or new legislation all have an impact on our staff team to ensure that everyone is working together to develop their professional practise ensuring that we are committed to providing an outstanding provision for pre- school education in our setting. In my setting as part of the manager’s role I am required to keep on top of all new legislations and ensure that these are being implemented by myself and the staff team. This includes making sure that everyone has the appropriate qualifications to work in an early years setting and that we all avail of any training that becomes available that will enhance the staff teams knowledge to ensure that at all times we are providing high quality  education and play, which is age appropriate and that the children are provided with the correct resources to develop this. I ensure that as a staff team, all members of staff get to work with any outside agencies in developing their own professional development, such as local primary schools, social services, eti, and our early years specialist. We are also part of the SEN building capacity pilot scheme which has provided very in depth training to all members of staff and has proved very beneficial to the staff to help identify additional needs, put strategies into place for the children and if needed develop Individual Education Plans, working in partnership with the parents to help the child develop in whatever area they are having difficulty in, so that we know when they move onto primary school we have supported them in their development to the best of our professional ability. We ensure that we contribute to children’s care learning and development in every aspect of our practice and service by constantly reviewing our work through our daily observations and evaluations of the day. We take into account every child’s needs rights and views and incorporate these into our ever changing daily plans and routines. I believe in our setting we all have a very good working relationship with all parents and families and operate an open door system at all times. We meet with parents a few times a year to discuss how their child has settled in and also their transition onto primary school, also we meet up when necessary if a child has an individual education plan. These meetings gives us the opportunity to discuss with the parents, all the information we have gathered about their child, and ensure that we have treated every child with individuality and all areas of diversity etc are respected, valued and celebrated within our daily work, ensuring that at all times we are promoting their child’s health and well being and that as a team along with the parents, using our professional knowledge and skills as practitioners we are contributing to enrich the experience of every child’s learning to the best of our ability. We also ensure that all information we have gathered from the parents and through our own observations, is treated confidentially and used on a need to know basis. If parents disclose any personal information about their child or family life we treat it as confidential and the information is respected as appropriate unless a child’s protection and well being are at stake. In our setting we do daily, weekly and m onthly risk  assessment to ensure that at all times, every child’s personal and physical safety is of the upmost importance, whilst still allowing for risk and challenge appropriate to every child’s capabilities. We believe that best practice requires reflection and continuous search for improvement, so as a staff team we are constantly reviewing our practice and reflecting on daily events to ensure that every staff member is working to the best of their ability, we are continually updating our training and knowledge individually and as a staff team, as we believe the more we know and understand from all relevant training, the better education we can provide for every child that comes to our setting. Also through our development plan and self evaluation, working with the Together Towards Improvement document we can reflect on our practice and ensure that we are also developing our own personal practise and our setting is run to the highest standard at all times. Unit 141 Professional practice in children’s care learning and development Outcome 2Understand the values, principles and statutory frameworks that underpin service provision in children’s care, learning and development A.C 2.3Support others to implement values and principles that underpin service provision By using the term â€Å"others†, this may include, workers/practitioners, colleagues, carers, volunteers, students Values: The needs, rights and views of the child are at the centre of all practice and provision How to support others We strive to provide best practice for all of our children, by promoting their needs through the 6 areas of learning. All children are individuals and their needs, rights and views will all be different, it is up to us to provide a broad and balanced curriculum to ensure that every child is at the centre of our learning plans and that every child should feel secure and valued. Individuality, difference and diversity are valued and celebrated How to support others Every child is included and supported in our setting, regardless of race, sex, religion, ethnic origin. Toys are not gender specific and all children are encouraged to play with everything. We use the media initiatve puppets at circle time to promote diversity and try to adopt a persona for each  puppet relating to a child in our settings circumstances. We welcome children and their families from all backgrounds. Staff ensure that in everything they do we help to teach the children that all people are valuable irrespective of race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, culture, ability or linguistic background and we try to celebrate these differences as much as we can. Equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practice are actively promoted How to support others All children are provided with the same opportunities and resources, staff are all treated fairly and with respect, in line with our equal opportunities policies and procedures. Children are recognised and valued as individuals and encouraged to develop their own sense of identity within their cultural and racial groups. Staff are all valued as individuals and encouraged to develop to the best of their ability. Fair training and recruitment procedures are in place to ensure that everyone is treated the same. Children’s health and well being are being actively promoted How to support others Good hygiene is practised and promoted at all times to minimise the spread of infection. Guidance on infection control is displayed in the main hall and a copy is sent home to every parent at the start of the year to ensure that correct exclusion times are adhered to. We operate a healthy breaks system where all children are encouraged to eat snack together and choose from a selection of healthy snacks, fruit, milk and water on a daily basis. All children take part in 30 mins active physical play daily, we encourage parents to sent a coat and hat with their chid for colder weather as we try to get children outside for physical play as much as we can. If this is not possible due to heavy rain etc the play room is cleared and we do song and dance for all the children. Children’s personal and physical safety is safeguarded, whilst allowing for risk and challenge as appropriate to the capabilities of the child How to support others During all activities provided daily every child is given the opportunity to  develop in a safe environment, whilst allowing them to challenge themselves without any undue risk or harm. Daily, weekly and monthly risk assessments are carried out on all equipment to ensure that it is structurally safe for the children and appropriate activities are adapted to suit every child’s need and capability. All areas of the playroom are adapted as much as possible to ensure that every child can develop with age appropriate resources. Self-esteem, resilience and a positive self-image are recognised as essential to every child’s development